When making pancakes, the first one is always tricky. Is the oil in the pan hot enough? Or too hot? If you start too soon, that first pancake is pale and greasy instead of golden brown and toasty. Wait too long and the temperature may reach the oil’s smoke point, leaving you with a burnt […]

LLMs don’t—and can’t—do everything. What they do is very impressive—and useful. It’s broad. And in many ways it’s human-like. But it’s not precise. And in the end it’s not about deep computation. So how can we supplement LLM foundation models? We need a foundation tool: a tool that’s broad and (…)

This paper introduces a framework for finite non-cooperative games where each player faces a globally uncertain parameter with no common prior. Every player chooses both a mixed strategy and projects an emergent subjective prior to the uncertain parameters. We define an “Extended Equilibrium” by (…)

On January 15, 2026, Wikipedia turned 25, and that birthday demonstrates a simple, radical fact: a vast, volunteer-built reference work that stays free to read has become a foundational record of human knowledge and an infrastructure for how the internet answers questions, quietly propping up (…)

On January 15, 2026, Wikipedia turned 25, and that birthday demonstrates a simple, radical fact: a vast, volunteer-built reference work that stays free to read has become a foundational record of human knowledge and an infrastructure for how the internet answers questions, quietly propping up (…)